Your opinion matters to us!

RNAO is committed to enhancing evidence-based care and services related to mental health, mental illness and substance use across all settings in Ontario. We would like to know how we are doing at meeting your needs in responding to mental health, mental illness and substance use in Ontario as leaders in health and social service. We are asking people across all sectors who do this work (including volunteer work) to complete this short survey. It will take approximately 10 minutes. All your answers will be anonymous. Please answer these questions from the point of view of someone who provides services to individuals and/or communities affected by mental health, mental illness and substance use challenges, either directly or indirectly.

Please note:

1. In this survey we ask about RNAO services and resources. Services refer to RNAO educational events such as workshops and webinars. Resources refer to RNAO topic-specific Best Practice Guidelines (BPGs). While RNAO offers services and resources in many areas, for this survey we are specifically asking about services and resources related to mental health and addiction only.

2. Addiction in this survey mainly refers to substance use however we recognize that there are many other types of addiction we'll address in the upcoming years.

form.antibot { display: none !important; } You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form.

1 Start 2 Complete

1. In which sector do you primarily work? (Please choose only one answer.)

Public health

Primary care/Community care

Hospital care

Home care

Rehab, complex and long-term care

Social services

Other...

1. In which sector do you primarily work? (Please choose only one answer.) Other...

Please select if you are a:

Registered Nurse

Nurse Practitioner

Registered Practical Nurse

3. Where do you live? (Please choose only one answer.)

4. Approximately how often did you use RNAO' Mental Health and Addiction services and/or resources in the past year?

Section A: Mental health, mental illness and substance use knowledge

5. On a scale of 1 to 10 please rate your current knowledge of mental health, mental illness and substance use:

	1 (No knowledge)	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10 (Expert knowledge)	This knowledge is not relevant in my current job
a. Mental health and mental health promotion	a. Mental health and mental health promotion - 1 (No knowledge)	a. Mental health and mental health promotion - 2	a. Mental health and mental health promotion - 3	a. Mental health and mental health promotion - 4	a. Mental health and mental health promotion - 5	a. Mental health and mental health promotion - 6	a. Mental health and mental health promotion - 7	a. Mental health and mental health promotion - 8	a. Mental health and mental health promotion - 9	a. Mental health and mental health promotion - 10 (Expert knowledge)	a. Mental health and mental health promotion - This knowledge is not relevant in my current job
b. Mental illness and its care and treatment	b. Mental illness and its care and treatment - 1 (No knowledge)	b. Mental illness and its care and treatment - 2	b. Mental illness and its care and treatment - 3	b. Mental illness and its care and treatment - 4	b. Mental illness and its care and treatment - 5	b. Mental illness and its care and treatment - 6	b. Mental illness and its care and treatment - 7	b. Mental illness and its care and treatment - 8	b. Mental illness and its care and treatment - 9	b. Mental illness and its care and treatment - 10 (Expert knowledge)	b. Mental illness and its care and treatment - This knowledge is not relevant in my current job
c. Substance use prevention	c. Substance use prevention - 1 (No knowledge)	c. Substance use prevention - 2	c. Substance use prevention - 3	c. Substance use prevention - 4	c. Substance use prevention - 5	c. Substance use prevention - 6	c. Substance use prevention - 7	c. Substance use prevention - 8	c. Substance use prevention - 9	c. Substance use prevention - 10 (Expert knowledge)	c. Substance use prevention - This knowledge is not relevant in my current job
d. Substance use treatment	d. Substance use treatment - 1 (No knowledge)	d. Substance use treatment - 2	d. Substance use treatment - 3	d. Substance use treatment - 4	d. Substance use treatment - 5	d. Substance use treatment - 6	d. Substance use treatment - 7	d. Substance use treatment - 8	d. Substance use treatment - 9	d. Substance use treatment - 10 (Expert knowledge)	d. Substance use treatment - This knowledge is not relevant in my current job

6. Please indicate your agreement with the following statements.

	Strongly disagree	Disagree	Agree	Strongly agree	Undecided	Not relevant
RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services (i.e. educational events) have increased my knowledge of mental health and addictions.	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services (i.e. educational events) have increased my knowledge of mental health and addictions. - Strongly disagree	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services (i.e. educational events) have increased my knowledge of mental health and addictions. - Disagree	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services (i.e. educational events) have increased my knowledge of mental health and addictions. - Agree	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services (i.e. educational events) have increased my knowledge of mental health and addictions. - Strongly agree	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services (i.e. educational events) have increased my knowledge of mental health and addictions. - Undecided	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services (i.e. educational events) have increased my knowledge of mental health and addictions. - Not relevant
RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction resources (i.e. BPGs) have increased my knowledge of mental health and addictions.	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction resources (i.e. BPGs) have increased my knowledge of mental health and addictions. - Strongly disagree	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction resources (i.e. BPGs) have increased my knowledge of mental health and addictions. - Disagree	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction resources (i.e. BPGs) have increased my knowledge of mental health and addictions. - Agree	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction resources (i.e. BPGs) have increased my knowledge of mental health and addictions. - Strongly agree	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction resources (i.e. BPGs) have increased my knowledge of mental health and addictions. - Undecided	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction resources (i.e. BPGs) have increased my knowledge of mental health and addictions. - Not relevant
RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources help me keep abreast of new developments in mental health and addiction.	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources help me keep abreast of new developments in mental health and addiction. - Strongly disagree	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources help me keep abreast of new developments in mental health and addiction. - Disagree	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources help me keep abreast of new developments in mental health and addiction. - Agree	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources help me keep abreast of new developments in mental health and addiction. - Strongly agree	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources help me keep abreast of new developments in mental health and addiction. - Undecided	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources help me keep abreast of new developments in mental health and addiction. - Not relevant
RNAO provides information that increases my capacity to respond to the needs of my clients and/or community.	RNAO provides information that increases my capacity to respond to the needs of my clients and/or community. - Strongly disagree	RNAO provides information that increases my capacity to respond to the needs of my clients and/or community. - Disagree	RNAO provides information that increases my capacity to respond to the needs of my clients and/or community. - Agree	RNAO provides information that increases my capacity to respond to the needs of my clients and/or community. - Strongly agree	RNAO provides information that increases my capacity to respond to the needs of my clients and/or community. - Undecided	RNAO provides information that increases my capacity to respond to the needs of my clients and/or community. - Not relevant
I feel confident that I have the knowledge to respond to the issues or concerns of my clients and/or community	I feel confident that I have the knowledge to respond to the issues or concerns of my clients and/or community - Strongly disagree	I feel confident that I have the knowledge to respond to the issues or concerns of my clients and/or community - Disagree	I feel confident that I have the knowledge to respond to the issues or concerns of my clients and/or community - Agree	I feel confident that I have the knowledge to respond to the issues or concerns of my clients and/or community - Strongly agree	I feel confident that I have the knowledge to respond to the issues or concerns of my clients and/or community - Undecided	I feel confident that I have the knowledge to respond to the issues or concerns of my clients and/or community - Not relevant

Section B: Knowledge of Best Practices and Evidence-Informed Program Innovations related to Mental Health, Mental Illness and Substance Use

7. On a scale of 1 to 10 please rate your current knowledge of best practices and other evidence-informed program innovations related to the following:

	1 (No knowledge)	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10 (Expert knowledge)
Your current knowledge of best practices and other evidence-informed program innovations related to mental health and mental illness.	Your current knowledge of best practices and other evidence-informed program innovations related to mental health and mental illness. - 1 (No knowledge)	Your current knowledge of best practices and other evidence-informed program innovations related to mental health and mental illness. - 2	Your current knowledge of best practices and other evidence-informed program innovations related to mental health and mental illness. - 3	Your current knowledge of best practices and other evidence-informed program innovations related to mental health and mental illness. - 4	Your current knowledge of best practices and other evidence-informed program innovations related to mental health and mental illness. - 5	Your current knowledge of best practices and other evidence-informed program innovations related to mental health and mental illness. - 6	Your current knowledge of best practices and other evidence-informed program innovations related to mental health and mental illness. - 7	Your current knowledge of best practices and other evidence-informed program innovations related to mental health and mental illness. - 8	Your current knowledge of best practices and other evidence-informed program innovations related to mental health and mental illness. - 9	Your current knowledge of best practices and other evidence-informed program innovations related to mental health and mental illness. - 10 (Expert knowledge)
Your current knowledge of best practices and other evidence-informed program innovations related to substance use.	Your current knowledge of best practices and other evidence-informed program innovations related to substance use. - 1 (No knowledge)	Your current knowledge of best practices and other evidence-informed program innovations related to substance use. - 2	Your current knowledge of best practices and other evidence-informed program innovations related to substance use. - 3	Your current knowledge of best practices and other evidence-informed program innovations related to substance use. - 4	Your current knowledge of best practices and other evidence-informed program innovations related to substance use. - 5	Your current knowledge of best practices and other evidence-informed program innovations related to substance use. - 6	Your current knowledge of best practices and other evidence-informed program innovations related to substance use. - 7	Your current knowledge of best practices and other evidence-informed program innovations related to substance use. - 8	Your current knowledge of best practices and other evidence-informed program innovations related to substance use. - 9	Your current knowledge of best practices and other evidence-informed program innovations related to substance use. - 10 (Expert knowledge)

8. Please indicate your agreement with the following statements.

	Strongly disagree	Disagree	Agree	Strongly agree	Undecided	Not relevant
RNAO’s services and resources have increased my knowledge of new developments, best practices and other evidence-informed program innovations related to mental health and addiction	RNAO’s services and resources have increased my knowledge of new developments, best practices and other evidence-informed program innovations related to mental health and addiction - Strongly disagree	RNAO’s services and resources have increased my knowledge of new developments, best practices and other evidence-informed program innovations related to mental health and addiction - Disagree	RNAO’s services and resources have increased my knowledge of new developments, best practices and other evidence-informed program innovations related to mental health and addiction - Agree	RNAO’s services and resources have increased my knowledge of new developments, best practices and other evidence-informed program innovations related to mental health and addiction - Strongly agree	RNAO’s services and resources have increased my knowledge of new developments, best practices and other evidence-informed program innovations related to mental health and addiction - Undecided	RNAO’s services and resources have increased my knowledge of new developments, best practices and other evidence-informed program innovations related to mental health and addiction - Not relevant
RNAO increases my capacity to plan and deliver programs and services or to shape policies or policy agendas.	RNAO increases my capacity to plan and deliver programs and services or to shape policies or policy agendas. - Strongly disagree	RNAO increases my capacity to plan and deliver programs and services or to shape policies or policy agendas. - Disagree	RNAO increases my capacity to plan and deliver programs and services or to shape policies or policy agendas. - Agree	RNAO increases my capacity to plan and deliver programs and services or to shape policies or policy agendas. - Strongly agree	RNAO increases my capacity to plan and deliver programs and services or to shape policies or policy agendas. - Undecided	RNAO increases my capacity to plan and deliver programs and services or to shape policies or policy agendas. - Not relevant
I feel confident that I have the knowledge to plan and deliver evidence-informed programs, services and/or develop evidence-informed policies	I feel confident that I have the knowledge to plan and deliver evidence-informed programs, services and/or develop evidence-informed policies - Strongly disagree	I feel confident that I have the knowledge to plan and deliver evidence-informed programs, services and/or develop evidence-informed policies - Disagree	I feel confident that I have the knowledge to plan and deliver evidence-informed programs, services and/or develop evidence-informed policies - Agree	I feel confident that I have the knowledge to plan and deliver evidence-informed programs, services and/or develop evidence-informed policies - Strongly agree	I feel confident that I have the knowledge to plan and deliver evidence-informed programs, services and/or develop evidence-informed policies - Undecided	I feel confident that I have the knowledge to plan and deliver evidence-informed programs, services and/or develop evidence-informed policies - Not relevant

Section C: Application of Mental Health and Addiction Knowledge

9. Please indicate your agreement with the following statements.

	Strongly disagree	Disagree	Agree	Strongly agree	Undecided	Not relevant
I have used or applied knowledge from RNAO in my work.	I have used or applied knowledge from RNAO in my work. - Strongly disagree	I have used or applied knowledge from RNAO in my work. - Disagree	I have used or applied knowledge from RNAO in my work. - Agree	I have used or applied knowledge from RNAO in my work. - Strongly agree	I have used or applied knowledge from RNAO in my work. - Undecided	I have used or applied knowledge from RNAO in my work. - Not relevant
I have used information from RNAO to educate or inform others (clients, colleagues, health professionals, etc.).	I have used information from RNAO to educate or inform others (clients, colleagues, health professionals, etc.). - Strongly disagree	I have used information from RNAO to educate or inform others (clients, colleagues, health professionals, etc.). - Disagree	I have used information from RNAO to educate or inform others (clients, colleagues, health professionals, etc.). - Agree	I have used information from RNAO to educate or inform others (clients, colleagues, health professionals, etc.). - Strongly agree	I have used information from RNAO to educate or inform others (clients, colleagues, health professionals, etc.). - Undecided	I have used information from RNAO to educate or inform others (clients, colleagues, health professionals, etc.). - Not relevant
I have used information from RNAO to change aspects of my work practice.	I have used information from RNAO to change aspects of my work practice. - Strongly disagree	I have used information from RNAO to change aspects of my work practice. - Disagree	I have used information from RNAO to change aspects of my work practice. - Agree	I have used information from RNAO to change aspects of my work practice. - Strongly agree	I have used information from RNAO to change aspects of my work practice. - Undecided	I have used information from RNAO to change aspects of my work practice. - Not relevant
I have used information from RNAO to change a program, practice or routine in my organization.	I have used information from RNAO to change a program, practice or routine in my organization. - Strongly disagree	I have used information from RNAO to change a program, practice or routine in my organization. - Disagree	I have used information from RNAO to change a program, practice or routine in my organization. - Agree	I have used information from RNAO to change a program, practice or routine in my organization. - Strongly agree	I have used information from RNAO to change a program, practice or routine in my organization. - Undecided	I have used information from RNAO to change a program, practice or routine in my organization. - Not relevant
I have used information from RNAO to change my belief about a certain approach or practice.	I have used information from RNAO to change my belief about a certain approach or practice. - Strongly disagree	I have used information from RNAO to change my belief about a certain approach or practice. - Disagree	I have used information from RNAO to change my belief about a certain approach or practice. - Agree	I have used information from RNAO to change my belief about a certain approach or practice. - Strongly agree	I have used information from RNAO to change my belief about a certain approach or practice. - Undecided	I have used information from RNAO to change my belief about a certain approach or practice. - Not relevant
I have used RNAO’s services and resources to implement a new program or practice.	I have used RNAO’s services and resources to implement a new program or practice. - Strongly disagree	I have used RNAO’s services and resources to implement a new program or practice. - Disagree	I have used RNAO’s services and resources to implement a new program or practice. - Agree	I have used RNAO’s services and resources to implement a new program or practice. - Strongly agree	I have used RNAO’s services and resources to implement a new program or practice. - Undecided	I have used RNAO’s services and resources to implement a new program or practice. - Not relevant
RNAO’s services and resources have contributed to program or service improvement/performance or helped to shape policy and decision-making.	RNAO’s services and resources have contributed to program or service improvement/performance or helped to shape policy and decision-making. - Strongly disagree	RNAO’s services and resources have contributed to program or service improvement/performance or helped to shape policy and decision-making. - Disagree	RNAO’s services and resources have contributed to program or service improvement/performance or helped to shape policy and decision-making. - Agree	RNAO’s services and resources have contributed to program or service improvement/performance or helped to shape policy and decision-making. - Strongly agree	RNAO’s services and resources have contributed to program or service improvement/performance or helped to shape policy and decision-making. - Undecided	RNAO’s services and resources have contributed to program or service improvement/performance or helped to shape policy and decision-making. - Not relevant

10. Now thinking about your whole organization, to what extent has RNAO contributed to program, policy or service development or improvement? (Please check all that apply).

Major improvements resulting in an entirely new way of working/programming

Major improvements shaping policy or decision making

Minor improvements to the way we work

No changes to the way we work

Please describe these changes (if applicable):

11. Please rate the overall usefulness of RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources to your work:

12. Please rate the overall usefulness of RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources for your clients:

Section D: Satisfaction with RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction Service and Resources

13. Please indicate your agreement with the following statements about RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources:

	Strongly disagree	Disagree	Agree	Strongly agree	Undecided	Not relevant
I would recommend RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources to others.	I would recommend RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources to others. - Strongly disagree	I would recommend RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources to others. - Disagree	I would recommend RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources to others. - Agree	I would recommend RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources to others. - Strongly agree	I would recommend RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources to others. - Undecided	I would recommend RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources to others. - Not relevant
RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources are evidence-based.	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources are evidence-based. - Strongly disagree	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources are evidence-based. - Disagree	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources are evidence-based. - Agree	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources are evidence-based. - Strongly agree	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources are evidence-based. - Undecided	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources are evidence-based. - Not relevant
RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources are relevant to my work/needs.	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources are relevant to my work/needs. - Strongly disagree	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources are relevant to my work/needs. - Disagree	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources are relevant to my work/needs. - Agree	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources are relevant to my work/needs. - Strongly agree	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources are relevant to my work/needs. - Undecided	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources are relevant to my work/needs. - Not relevant
RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction resources are easy to access/obtain.	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction resources are easy to access/obtain. - Strongly disagree	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction resources are easy to access/obtain. - Disagree	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction resources are easy to access/obtain. - Agree	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction resources are easy to access/obtain. - Strongly agree	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction resources are easy to access/obtain. - Undecided	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction resources are easy to access/obtain. - Not relevant
RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources help me to resolve issues, solve problems, or answer questions related to my work.	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources help me to resolve issues, solve problems, or answer questions related to my work. - Strongly disagree	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources help me to resolve issues, solve problems, or answer questions related to my work. - Disagree	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources help me to resolve issues, solve problems, or answer questions related to my work. - Agree	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources help me to resolve issues, solve problems, or answer questions related to my work. - Strongly agree	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources help me to resolve issues, solve problems, or answer questions related to my work. - Undecided	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources help me to resolve issues, solve problems, or answer questions related to my work. - Not relevant
RNAO plays an important role in my search for mental health and addictions knowledge.	RNAO plays an important role in my search for mental health and addictions knowledge. - Strongly disagree	RNAO plays an important role in my search for mental health and addictions knowledge. - Disagree	RNAO plays an important role in my search for mental health and addictions knowledge. - Agree	RNAO plays an important role in my search for mental health and addictions knowledge. - Strongly agree	RNAO plays an important role in my search for mental health and addictions knowledge. - Undecided	RNAO plays an important role in my search for mental health and addictions knowledge. - Not relevant
RNAO increases my awareness of the work that other organizations are doing in mental health and addictions.	RNAO increases my awareness of the work that other organizations are doing in mental health and addictions. - Strongly disagree	RNAO increases my awareness of the work that other organizations are doing in mental health and addictions. - Disagree	RNAO increases my awareness of the work that other organizations are doing in mental health and addictions. - Agree	RNAO increases my awareness of the work that other organizations are doing in mental health and addictions. - Strongly agree	RNAO increases my awareness of the work that other organizations are doing in mental health and addictions. - Undecided	RNAO increases my awareness of the work that other organizations are doing in mental health and addictions. - Not relevant
RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources are responsive to new developments in mental health and addiction.	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources are responsive to new developments in mental health and addiction. - Strongly disagree	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources are responsive to new developments in mental health and addiction. - Disagree	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources are responsive to new developments in mental health and addiction. - Agree	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources are responsive to new developments in mental health and addiction. - Strongly agree	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources are responsive to new developments in mental health and addiction. - Undecided	RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction services and resources are responsive to new developments in mental health and addiction. - Not relevant

14. To what extent has RNAO helped to address the following barriers to uptake of mental health and addiction knowledge, best practices and evidence-informed program innovations?

	Not helpful	Somewhat helpful	Neutral	Helpful	Very helpful
Made complex information understandable for me	Made complex information understandable for me - Not helpful	Made complex information understandable for me - Somewhat helpful	Made complex information understandable for me - Neutral	Made complex information understandable for me - Helpful	Made complex information understandable for me - Very helpful
Brought research evidence into practical knowledge and use	Brought research evidence into practical knowledge and use - Not helpful	Brought research evidence into practical knowledge and use - Somewhat helpful	Brought research evidence into practical knowledge and use - Neutral	Brought research evidence into practical knowledge and use - Helpful	Brought research evidence into practical knowledge and use - Very helpful
Explained how new information applied to my work	Explained how new information applied to my work - Not helpful	Explained how new information applied to my work - Somewhat helpful	Explained how new information applied to my work - Neutral	Explained how new information applied to my work - Helpful	Explained how new information applied to my work - Very helpful
Reduced the time I spend finding and synthesizing new information on my own	Reduced the time I spend finding and synthesizing new information on my own - Not helpful	Reduced the time I spend finding and synthesizing new information on my own - Somewhat helpful	Reduced the time I spend finding and synthesizing new information on my own - Neutral	Reduced the time I spend finding and synthesizing new information on my own - Helpful	Reduced the time I spend finding and synthesizing new information on my own - Very helpful
Provided easy access to the information I need	Provided easy access to the information I need - Not helpful	Provided easy access to the information I need - Somewhat helpful	Provided easy access to the information I need - Neutral	Provided easy access to the information I need - Helpful	Provided easy access to the information I need - Very helpful
Increased my awareness of how other Ontario organizations are approaching the issues that I face	Increased my awareness of how other Ontario organizations are approaching the issues that I face - Not helpful	Increased my awareness of how other Ontario organizations are approaching the issues that I face - Somewhat helpful	Increased my awareness of how other Ontario organizations are approaching the issues that I face - Neutral	Increased my awareness of how other Ontario organizations are approaching the issues that I face - Helpful	Increased my awareness of how other Ontario organizations are approaching the issues that I face - Very helpful

RNAO Mental Health and Addiction Survey - Tell Us What You Think!

Section A: Mental health, mental illness and substance use knowledge

Section B: Knowledge of Best Practices and Evidence-Informed Program Innovations related to Mental Health, Mental Illness and Substance Use

Section C: Application of Mental Health and Addiction Knowledge

Section D: Satisfaction with RNAO’s Mental Health and Addiction Service and Resources